Text Case Converter
Convert text between different letter cases.
Understanding Text Case Styles
Text case refers to how letters are capitalized in written content. Using the correct case style is essential for readability, professionalism, and consistency across documents, code, and user interfaces. Different contexts require different case conventions.
Case Types Explained
| Case Type | Example | Common Uses |
|---|---|---|
| lowercase | the quick brown fox |
URLs, email addresses, informal text, CSS properties |
| UPPERCASE | THE QUICK BROWN FOX |
Acronyms, emphasis, headers, constants in code |
| Title Case | The Quick Brown Fox |
Headlines, book titles, formal headings |
| Sentence case | The quick brown fox |
Body text, UI labels, buttons |
| tOGGLE cASE | tHE qUICK bROWN fOX |
Stylistic effect, memes, emphasis |
| Capitalize Each Word | The Quick Brown Fox |
Names, product titles, display text |
Programming Case Conventions
In programming, naming conventions use specific case styles for variables, functions, and constants:
myVariableName
First word lowercase, subsequent words capitalized. Used in JavaScript, Java variables and methods.
MyClassName
Each word capitalized. Used for class names in most languages, React components.
my_variable_name
Words separated by underscores. Used in Python, Ruby, database columns.
my-css-class
Words separated by hyphens. Used in CSS classes, URL slugs, file names.
MAX_RETRY_COUNT
All uppercase with underscores. Used for constants in most programming languages.
Title Case Rules
Title case has specific rules about which words to capitalize. Different style guides have slightly different rules:
Generally Capitalize:
- First and last words (always)
- Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
- Words with 4+ letters (in some styles)
Generally Lowercase:
- Articles (a, an, the) unless first/last
- Short prepositions (in, on, at, to, for)
- Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor)
- AP Style: Capitalize words with 4+ letters
- Chicago Style: Lowercase prepositions regardless of length
- APA Style: Capitalize words with 4+ letters
- MLA Style: Capitalize all major words
When to Use Each Case
User Interface (UI) Design
- Buttons: Sentence case ("Save changes") or Title Case ("Save Changes")
- Labels: Sentence case is preferred for readability
- Headings: Title Case or Sentence case (be consistent)
- Error messages: Sentence case for a friendlier tone
Content Writing
- Headlines: Title Case for formal publications
- Blog post titles: Title Case or Sentence case
- Subheadings: Match your headline style
- Body text: Sentence case (standard)
Social Media
- ALL CAPS: Use sparingly—appears like shouting
- lowercase only: Casual, trendy aesthetic
- Hashtags: PascalCase for readability (#ThisIsEasierToRead)
Accessibility Considerations
Text case affects accessibility:
- ALL CAPS is harder to read for people with dyslexia and cognitive disabilities
- Screen readers may read all-caps text letter by letter
- Mixed case provides visual word shapes that aid reading
- Use CSS to style text visually rather than typing in all caps
/* Better: Use CSS for visual styling */
.heading { text-transform: uppercase; }
/* Avoid: Typing in ALL CAPS in HTML */
<h1>THIS IS HARDER TO MAINTAIN</h1>Quick Reference
| lowercase | all letters small |
| UPPERCASE | ALL LETTERS CAPITAL |
| Title Case | Major Words Capital |
| Sentence case | First word capital |
| camelCase | wordsJoinedLikeThis |
| snake_case | words_joined_like_this |
| kebab-case | words-joined-like-this |
Avoid Common Mistakes
- Don't use ALL CAPS for body text
- Be consistent within a document
- Don't mix case styles randomly
- Avoid toggle case in professional content
- Don't capitalize every word in sentences
CSS text-transform
text-transform: uppercase;
text-transform: lowercase;
text-transform: capitalize;
text-transform: none;