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Text Case Converter - Uppercase, Lowercase, Title Case

Text Case Converter

Convert text between different letter cases.

Understanding Text Case Styles

Text case refers to how letters are capitalized in written content. Using the correct case style is essential for readability, professionalism, and consistency across documents, code, and user interfaces. Different contexts require different case conventions.

Case Types Explained

Case Type Example Common Uses
lowercase the quick brown fox URLs, email addresses, informal text, CSS properties
UPPERCASE THE QUICK BROWN FOX Acronyms, emphasis, headers, constants in code
Title Case The Quick Brown Fox Headlines, book titles, formal headings
Sentence case The quick brown fox Body text, UI labels, buttons
tOGGLE cASE tHE qUICK bROWN fOX Stylistic effect, memes, emphasis
Capitalize Each Word The Quick Brown Fox Names, product titles, display text

Programming Case Conventions

In programming, naming conventions use specific case styles for variables, functions, and constants:

camelCase
myVariableName

First word lowercase, subsequent words capitalized. Used in JavaScript, Java variables and methods.

PascalCase
MyClassName

Each word capitalized. Used for class names in most languages, React components.

snake_case
my_variable_name

Words separated by underscores. Used in Python, Ruby, database columns.

kebab-case
my-css-class

Words separated by hyphens. Used in CSS classes, URL slugs, file names.

SCREAMING_SNAKE_CASE
MAX_RETRY_COUNT

All uppercase with underscores. Used for constants in most programming languages.

Title Case Rules

Title case has specific rules about which words to capitalize. Different style guides have slightly different rules:

Generally Capitalize:

  • First and last words (always)
  • Nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs
  • Words with 4+ letters (in some styles)

Generally Lowercase:

  • Articles (a, an, the) unless first/last
  • Short prepositions (in, on, at, to, for)
  • Coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor)
Style Guide Variations:
  • AP Style: Capitalize words with 4+ letters
  • Chicago Style: Lowercase prepositions regardless of length
  • APA Style: Capitalize words with 4+ letters
  • MLA Style: Capitalize all major words

When to Use Each Case

User Interface (UI) Design

  • Buttons: Sentence case ("Save changes") or Title Case ("Save Changes")
  • Labels: Sentence case is preferred for readability
  • Headings: Title Case or Sentence case (be consistent)
  • Error messages: Sentence case for a friendlier tone

Content Writing

  • Headlines: Title Case for formal publications
  • Blog post titles: Title Case or Sentence case
  • Subheadings: Match your headline style
  • Body text: Sentence case (standard)

Social Media

  • ALL CAPS: Use sparingly—appears like shouting
  • lowercase only: Casual, trendy aesthetic
  • Hashtags: PascalCase for readability (#ThisIsEasierToRead)

Accessibility Considerations

Text case affects accessibility:

  • ALL CAPS is harder to read for people with dyslexia and cognitive disabilities
  • Screen readers may read all-caps text letter by letter
  • Mixed case provides visual word shapes that aid reading
  • Use CSS to style text visually rather than typing in all caps
/* Better: Use CSS for visual styling */
.heading { text-transform: uppercase; }

/* Avoid: Typing in ALL CAPS in HTML */
<h1>THIS IS HARDER TO MAINTAIN</h1>
Quick Reference
lowercase all letters small
UPPERCASE ALL LETTERS CAPITAL
Title Case Major Words Capital
Sentence case First word capital
camelCase wordsJoinedLikeThis
snake_case words_joined_like_this
kebab-case words-joined-like-this
Avoid Common Mistakes
  • Don't use ALL CAPS for body text
  • Be consistent within a document
  • Don't mix case styles randomly
  • Avoid toggle case in professional content
  • Don't capitalize every word in sentences
CSS text-transform
text-transform: uppercase; text-transform: lowercase; text-transform: capitalize; text-transform: none;
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